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Frequentism and Bayesianism: A Practical Introduction

Fixed Python 3.12 · checked 17 Oct 2026 · model cost $0.076

After applying the fixes, the tutorial runs successfully under Python 3.12. The deprecated matplotlib `normed` parameter was replaced with `density`, Python 2‑style print statements were updated to function calls, and an indexing error in the 2D model setup was resolved by setting `ndim = 2`.

Partly checked: we ran 97% of the code on this page.

3 changes to make it work today

Block 7: Plot histogram and Gaussian

s7 · run_code migrate

Replace deprecated 'normed=True' with 'density=True' in plt.hist() call to match current matplotlib API.

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@

# plot a histogram of the sample

-plt.hist(sample, bins=50, histtype="stepfilled", alpha=0.3, normed=True)

+plt.hist(sample, bins=50, histtype="stepfilled", alpha=0.3, density=True)

# plot a best-fit Gaussian

Sources

normed has been deprecated for matplotlib histograms but not for pandas · Issue #24881 · pandas-dev/pandas · GitHubThis falls in line with the old matplotlib style. However the new matplotlib style has deprecated `normed` and replaced it with `density`.
deprecated matplotlib keyword 'normed' · Issue #16 · dirac-institute/CMNN_Photoz_Estimator · GitHubOn running a command line example from the demo.ipynb I got an error: `AttributeError: 'Polygon' object has no property 'normed'` and looking into it I see that the matplotlib.pyplot.hist keyword 'normed' is now deprecated as of v1.6.0: <https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.histogram.html#numpy.histogram> However, the fix seems pretty easy, as `normed` was replaced by `density` and now handles uneven bins in addition to evenly spaced bins.

Block 15: Compute bootstrap means and print

s12 · run_code migrate

Add parentheses to print calls for Python 3 compatibility.

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@

sig_samp = abs(samples[:, 1])

-print " mu = {0:.0f} +/- {1:.0f}".format(mu_samp.mean(), mu_samp.std())

-print " sigma = {0:.0f} +/- {1:.0f}".format(sig_samp.mean(), sig_samp.std())

+print(" mu = {0:.0f} +/- {1:.0f}".format(mu_samp.mean(), mu_samp.std()))

+print(" sigma = {0:.0f} +/- {1:.0f}".format(sig_samp.mean(), sig_samp.std()))

Sources

How to fix "SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to ‘print’" in Python - DEV CommunityThe error “SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to ‘print’. Did you mean print(…)?” in Python happens when you use an old-style print statement (e.g., `print 'some value'`) in Python 3.
Python SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to ‘print’ | Career KarmaThe Python “SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to ‘print’” error is raised when you try to print a value to the console without enclosing that value in parenthesis.
Fix: "SyntaxError: Missing Parentheses in Call to 'print'" in Python - GeeksforGeeksThe `SyntaxError: Missing Parentheses in Call to 'print'` is a common error when transitioning from Python 2 to Python 3. It occurs because `print` is a function in Python 3, requiring parentheses around its arguments. By understanding this change and updating your code accordingly, you can avoid this error and ensure your Python code runs smoothly in the latest version of the language.

Block 17: Log prior for 2D and MCMC setup

s13 · run_code migrate

Change `dim, nwalkers = 2, 50` to `ndim, nwalkers = 2, 50` so the 2D model uses the correct dimension for starting guesses and the sampler.

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@

# same setup as above:

-dim, nwalkers = 2, 50

+ndim, nwalkers = 2, 50

nsteps, nburn = 2000, 1000

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